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Rare tumors: a blue ocean of investigation

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 220-230 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0984-z

摘要： Advances in novel drugs, therapies, and genetic techniques have revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of cancers, substantially improving cancer patients’ prognosis. Although rare tumors account for a non-negligible number, the practice of precision medicine and development of novel therapies are largely hampered by many obstacles. Their low incidence and drastic regional disparities result in the difficulty of informative evidence-based diagnosis and subtyping. Sample exhaustion due to difficulty in diagnosis also leads to a lack of recommended therapeutic strategies in clinical guidelines, insufficient biomarkers for prognosis/efficacy, and inability to identify potential novel therapies in clinical trials. Herein, by reviewing the epidemiological data of Chinese solid tumors and publications defining rare tumors in other areas, we proposed a definition of rare tumor in China, including 515 tumor types with incidences of less than 2.5/100 000 per year. We also summarized the current diagnosis process, treatment recommendations, and global developmental progress of targeted drugs and immunotherapy agents on the status quo. Lastly, we pinpointed the current recommendation chance for patients with rare tumors to be involved in a clinical trial by NCCN. With this informative report, we aimed to raise awareness on the importance of rare tumor investigations and guarantee a bright future for rare tumor patients.

关键词： rare tumors     diagnosis flowchart     treatment strategy     clinical trials recommendation    

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Immunological effects of nano-enabled hyperthermia for solid tumors: opportunity and challenge

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 333-344 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2059-5

摘要： Compared to conventional hyperthermia that is limited by low selectivity and severe side effects, nano-enabled hyperthermia yields great potentials to tackle these limitations for cancer treatment. Another major advance is the observation of immunological responses associated with nano-enabled hyperthermia, which introduces a new avenue, allowing a potential paradigm shift from the acutely effective and cytotoxicity-centric response to the next-phase discovery, i.e., long-lasting and/or systemic anti-tumor immunity. This perspective first discusses the temperature-gradient and the spatially-structured immunological landscape in solid tumors receiving nano-enabled hyperthermia. This includes the discussion about underlying mechanism such as immunogenic cell death, which initiates a profound immunological chain reaction. In order to propagate the immune activation as a viable therapeutic principle, we further discussed the tumor type-specific complexity in the immunological tumor microenvironment, including the creative design of nano-enabled combination therapy to synergize with nano-enabled hyperthermia.

关键词： nano-enabled hyperthermia     immunogenic cell death     heterogeneous immunological landscape     tumor microenvironment    

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Distinct community assembly processes underlie significant spatiotemporal dynamics of abundant and rare

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1513-4

摘要：

• Season and landform influenced spatiotemporal patterns of abundant and rare taxa.

关键词： Rare taxa     Biogeography     Community assembly     Bacterioplankton     The Yangtze River    

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Minimal residual disease in solid tumors: an overview

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 649-674 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1018-6

摘要： Minimal residual disease (MRD) is termed as the small numbers of remnant tumor cells in a subset of patients with tumors. Liquid biopsy is increasingly used for the detection of MRD, illustrating the potential of MRD detection to provide more accurate management for cancer patients. As new techniques and algorithms have enhanced the performance of MRD detection, the approach is becoming more widely and routinely used to predict the prognosis and monitor the relapse of cancer patients. In fact, MRD detection has been shown to achieve better performance than imaging methods. On this basis, rigorous investigation of MRD detection as an integral method for guiding clinical treatment has made important advances. This review summarizes the development of MRD biomarkers, techniques, and strategies for the detection of cancer, and emphasizes the application of MRD detection in solid tumors, particularly for the guidance of clinical treatment.

关键词： MRD     solid tumor     CTC     ctDNA    

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Recovery of rare and precious metals from urban mines—A review

Mengmeng Wang, Quanyin Tan, Joseph F. Chiang, Jinhui Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0963-1

摘要： Urban mining is essential for continued natural resource extraction. The recovery of rare and precious metals (RPMs) from urban mines has attracted increasing attention from both academic and industrial sectors, because of the broad application and high price of RPMs, and their low content in natural ores. This study summarizes the distribution characteristics of various RPMs in urban mines, and the advantages and shortcomings of various technologies for RPM recovery from urban mines, including both conventional (pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and biometallurgical processing), and emerging (electrochemical, supercritical fluid, mechanochemical, and ionic liquids processing) technologies. Mechanical/physical technologies are commonly employed to separate RPMs from nonmetallic components in a pre-treatment process. A pyrometallurgical process is often used for RPM recovery, although the expensive equipment required has limited its use in small and medium-sized enterprises. Hydrometallurgical processing is effective and easy to operate, with high selectivity of target metals and high recovery efficiency of RPMs, compared to pyrometallurgy. Biometallurgy, though, has shown the most promise for leaching RPMs from urban mines, because of its low cost and environmental friendliness. Newly developed technologies—electrochemical, supercritical fluid, ionic liquid, and mechanochemical—have offered new choices and achieved some success in laboratory experiments, especially as efficient and environmentally friendly methods of recycling RPMs. With continuing advances in science and technology, more technologies will no doubt be developed in this field, and be able to contribute to the sustainability of RPM mining.

关键词： Rare and precious metals (RPMs)     Distribution characteristics     Recycling technology     Emerging technology     Supercritical fluid    

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Metabolic interventions combined with CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade for the treatment of tumors: mechanisms

《医学前沿（英文）》   页码 805-822 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1025-7

摘要： Immunotherapies based on immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) have significantly improved patient outcomes and offered new approaches to cancer therapy over the past decade. To date, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 represent the main class of immunotherapy. Blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 has shown remarkable efficacy in several specific types of cancers, however, a large subset of refractory patients presents poor responsiveness to ICB therapy; and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Recently, numerous studies have revealed that metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells restrains immune responses by remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME) with various products of metabolism, and combination therapies involving metabolic inhibitors and ICIs provide new approaches to cancer therapy. Nevertheless, a systematic summary is lacking regarding the manner by which different targetable metabolic pathways regulate immune checkpoints to overcome ICI resistance. Here, we demonstrate the generalized mechanism of targeting cancer metabolism at three crucial immune checkpoints (CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1) to influence ICB therapy and propose potential combined immunotherapeutic strategies co-targeting tumor metabolic pathways and immune checkpoints.

关键词： CTLA-4     PD-1     PD-L1     immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)     metabolic reprogramming     combined tumor therapeutic strategies    

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我国“三稀矿产”的资源特征及开发利用研究

王登红,孙艳,代鸿章,郭唯明,赵芝,赵汀,李建康,王成辉,黄凡,于扬,李德先

《中国工程科学》 2019年 第21卷 第1期   页码 119-127 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.01.017

摘要：

我国“三稀矿产”总体上资源丰富，既是资源大国，也是主要生产国和出口国，但往往因为深加工技术落后、环境代价太大、战略意识不强等原因而始终拿不到市场的话语权。中国已经进入科技创新引领社会发展的关键时期，“三稀矿产”恰恰具有无限的创新潜力。本文通过梳理2011年以来全国“三稀矿产”资源调查和找矿过程中积累的资料，概略性地总结了我国稀有、稀土和稀散元素矿产的主要特点，提出了一些开发利用建议，进一步强调“稀土不土，稀有常有，稀散不散”的禀赋特征，提出了开发利用过程中“稀土管得着，稀有找得到，稀散用得好”的基本思路。

关键词： 三稀矿产     资源特征     开发利用    

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Migration of ammonium nitrogen in ion-absorbed rare earth soils during and post mining: a column study

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1702-4

摘要：

● Column experiments with an inclined slope were applied to simulate NH4–N transport.

关键词： Ion-absorbed rare earth     Ammonium nitrogen transport     HYDRUS-2D     Numerical simulation    

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Possibility of women treated with fertility-sparing surgery for non-epithelial ovarian tumors to safely

Bin Yang, Yan Yu, Jing Chen, Yan Zhang, Ye Yin, Nan Yu, Ge Chen, Shifei Zhu, Haiyan Huang, Yongqun Yuan, Jihui Ai, Xinyu Wang, Kezhen Li

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第5期   页码 509-517 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0554-3

摘要：

This study was performed to evaluate the oncological and reproductive outcomes of childbearing-age women treated with fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) for non-epithelial ovarian tumors in China. One hundred and forty eight non-epithelial ovarian tumor women treated with FSS between January 1, 2000 and August 31, 2015 from two medical centers in China were identified. Progression-free survival (PFS) was 88.5%, whereas overall survival (OS) was 93.9%. Univariate analysis suggested that delivery after treatment is related to PFS (P=0.023), whereas histology significantly influenced OS. Cox regression analysis suggested that only histology was associated with PFS and OS (P<0.05). Among the 129 women who completed adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT), none developed amenorrhea. Among the 44 women who desired pregnancy, 35 (79.5%) successfully had 51 gestations including 35 live births without birth defects. Non-epithelial ovarian tumors can achieve fulfilling prognosis after FSS and chemotherapy. Histology might be the only independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS. FSS followed by ACT appeared to have little or no effect on fertility. Meanwhile, postoperative pregnancy did not increase the PFS or OS. Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist was not beneficial for fertility.

关键词： malignant germ cell tumors     ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors     fertility-sparing surgery     prognosis     fertility    

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Molecular targeted therapy of gynecological malignant tumors: the development and challenge, from laboratory

Pengming SUN PhD, MD , Jalid SEHOULI PhD, MD , Lihui WEI BM ,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 256-264 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0052-3

摘要： More and more molecular drugs based on targeted therapy have been utilized in the treatment of gynecologic cancer, especially in ovarian cancer. In this article, we systematically review the current targeted therapeutic trials running in clinic. Large, randomized trials have been conducted in the treatment of ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer and cervical cancer by using small molecule, antisense, mutational gene as well as antibodies. Other planned or ongoing trials currentlytargeted at molecular markers which may play important roles in gynecological carcinogenesis andprogression suggest that combination chemotherapy with molecular targeted therapy will ultimately be an importantoption.

关键词： target therapy     gynecologic malignant tumors     clinical trail     molecular medicine    

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High frequency of alternative splicing variants of the oncogene in neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas

《医学前沿（英文）》   页码 907-923 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1009-7

摘要： The characteristic genetic abnormality of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), a heterogeneous group of tumors found in various organs, remains to be identified. Here, based on the analysis of the splicing variants of an oncogene Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) in The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets that contain 9193 patients of 33 cancer subtypes, we found that Box 6/Box 7-containing FAK variants (FAK6/7) were observed in 7 (87.5%) of 8 pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas and 20 (11.76%) of 170 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). We tested FAK variants in 157 tumor samples collected from Chinese patients with pancreatic tumors, and found that FAK6/7 was positive in 34 (75.6%) of 45 pancreatic NENs, 19 (47.5%) of 40 pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, and 2 (2.9%) of 69 PDACs. We further tested FAK splicing variants in breast neuroendocrine carcinoma (BrNECs), and found that FAK6/7 was positive in 14 (93.3%) of 15 BrNECs but 0 in 23 non-NEC breast cancers. We explored the underlying mechanisms and found that a splicing factor serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 4 (SRRM4) was overexpressed in FAK6/7-positive pancreatic tumors and breast tumors, which promoted the formation of FAK6/7 in cells. These results suggested that FAK6/7 could be a biomarker of NENs and represent a potential therapeutic target for these orphan diseases.

关键词： FAK6/7     SRRM4     neuroendocrine neoplasms     pancreas     breast    

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Arsenic trioxide induced rhabdomyolysis, a rare but severe side effect, in an APL patient: a case report

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 284-286 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0514-y

摘要：

Arsenic trioxide (ATO), a component of the traditional Chinese medicine arsenic sublimate, promotes apoptosis and induces leukemic cell differentiation. Combined with all-trans-retinotic acid (ATRA), ATO has become the first-line induction therapy in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The most common side effects of ATO include hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal symptoms, water-sodium retention, and nervous system damage. In this report, we present a rare side effect, rhabdomyolysis, in a 68-year-old female APL patient who was treated with ATO. After taking 10 mg ATO daily for 6 days, she presented shortness of breath, myodynia, elevated creatine kinase, and acute renal insufficiency. This report describes the first case of ATO-induced rhabdomyolysis.

关键词： arsenic trioxide     APL     rhabdomyolysis    

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Rare-earth separation based on the differences of ionic magnetic moment via quasi-liquid strategy

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1584-1594 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2189-4

摘要： The separation of rare earth elements is particularly difficult due to their similar physicochemical properties. Based on the tiny differences of ionic radius, solvent extraction has been developed as the “mass method” in industry with hundreds of stages, extremely intensive chemical consumption and large capital investments. The differences of the ionic magnetic moment among rare earths are greater than that of ionic radius. Herein, a novel method based on the large ionic magnetic moment differences of rare earth elements was proposed to promote the separation efficiency. Rare earths were firstly dissolved in the ionic liquid, then the ordering degree of them was improved with the Z-bond effect, and finally the magnetic moment differences between paramagnetic and diamagnetic rare earths in quasi-liquid system were enhanced. Taking the separation of Er/Y, Ho/Y and Er/Ho as examples, the results showed that Er(III) and Ho(III) containing ionic liquids had obvious magnetic response, while ionic liquids containing Y(III) had no response. The separation factors of Er/Y and Ho/Y were achieved at 9.0 and 28.82, respectively. Magnetic separation via quasi-liquid system strategy provides a possibility of the novel, green, and efficient method for rare earth separation.

关键词： rare earth element     different magnetic moment     magnetic separation     ionic liquid    

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Prognostic significance of clinicopathologic parameters in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a study of

LIANG Yumei, LI Xianghong, LU Youyong, LV Yali, ZHONG Mei, PU Xiaolu, LI Wenmei

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 87-94 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0016-z

摘要： The biological behavior of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are highly variable. To investigate the biological behavior of GIST, we collected 83 cases of gastric and 62 cases of small intestinal GIST from the Department of Pathology of the Chinese PLA General Hospital. The parameters include age, primary tumor location, tumor diameter, mitotic index, tumor necrosis, risk assessment, clinical stage and the exon 11 mutation. All these were analyzed in 105 cases along with the follow-up data and tested by log rank and COX hazard proportional model. We find that the average age of gastric GIST was 55.4 years. Of the 62 cases that were followed up, 17 cases had metastasis or recurrence and the 5-year survival rate was (66.51 ± 17.06)%. For the small intestinal GIST, the average age was 50.6 years and 43 cases were followed up. Of these, 22 cases had metastasis or recurrence and the 5-year survival rate was (61.76 ± 18.30)%. Small intestinal GIST was more frequently associated with metastasis and tumor relapse than gastric GIST ( = 6.131, = 0.013). For gastric GIST, patients younger than 50 years ( = 0.046), the advanced clinical stage ( = 0.0001), the large tumor diameter ( = 0.0001), a high mitotic index ( = 0.0001), necrosis ( = 0.0001) and a high risk grade ( = 0.004) were all correlated with a lower survival rate. The COX hazard proportional model revealed that advanced clinical stage ( = 0.001), large tumor size ( = 0.001), a high mitotic index ( = 0.002) and the high risk grade ( = 0.018) indicated a poorer prognosis in gastric GIST. For small intestinal GIST, necrosis ( = 0.036) and advanced clinical stage ( = 0.010) were associated with lower survival rates and the clinical stage was shown to be an independent prognostic indicator. A total of 25 cases harbored mutations in exon 11. The frequency of mutation was 32% and 22.5% for gastric and small intestinal GIST, respectively. In gastric GIST, the mutated was predominant in patients older than 50 years of age. But in the small intestinal GIST, the mutated was predominant in the age group of 40–49 years. In conclusion, for gastric GIST, clinical stage, tumor size, mitotic index, and risk grade are the prognostic indicators. For small intestinal GIST, necrosis and clinical stage are the prognostic indicators. Small intestinal GIST are more aggressive than gastric GIST. The occurrence of mutation may correlate with the age of patients.
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Potential indicators predict progress after surgical resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 317-321 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0203-9

摘要：

In order to find out the potential indicators predicting prognosis of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) after surgical resection, we collected clinical records of 80 patients with malignant GISTs. Tumor location, size, mitotic index, necrosis were compared with the prognosis of malignant GISTs by Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. After a median follow-up of 844 days (52–2 145), we found that as National Institutes of Health suggested, tumors with intermediate risk had more favorable prognosis than that with high risk. Their 3-year survival rate were 65.3% and 41.3%, respectively (P<0.001). Moreover, tumor size and mitotic index were associated with free survival. The 3-year survival rate for patients with tumor size≤10 cm and>10 cm were 62.3% and 41.8%, respectively (P = 0.002), Tumors with mitotic index≤5/50 HPF had a higher 3-year survival rate than tumors with mitotic index>5/50 HPF (67.1% versus 40.7%, P = 0.005). The presence of necrosis was directly related to the malignant behavior. The 3-year survival rate for presence and absence necrosis were 50.8% and 64.8% (P = 0.008). From the present study, we can conclude that besides tumors size and mitotic index, tumor location and necrosis also influence on the long-term survival of patient with malignant GISTs after surgical resection.

关键词： gastrointestinal stromal tumors     surgery     survival    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Rare tumors: a blue ocean of investigation

期刊论文

Immunological effects of nano-enabled hyperthermia for solid tumors: opportunity and challenge

期刊论文

Distinct community assembly processes underlie significant spatiotemporal dynamics of abundant and rare

期刊论文

Minimal residual disease in solid tumors: an overview

期刊论文

Recovery of rare and precious metals from urban mines—A review

Mengmeng Wang, Quanyin Tan, Joseph F. Chiang, Jinhui Li

期刊论文

Metabolic interventions combined with CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade for the treatment of tumors: mechanisms

期刊论文

我国“三稀矿产”的资源特征及开发利用研究

王登红,孙艳,代鸿章,郭唯明,赵芝,赵汀,李建康,王成辉,黄凡,于扬,李德先

期刊论文

Migration of ammonium nitrogen in ion-absorbed rare earth soils during and post mining: a column study

期刊论文

Possibility of women treated with fertility-sparing surgery for non-epithelial ovarian tumors to safely

Bin Yang, Yan Yu, Jing Chen, Yan Zhang, Ye Yin, Nan Yu, Ge Chen, Shifei Zhu, Haiyan Huang, Yongqun Yuan, Jihui Ai, Xinyu Wang, Kezhen Li

期刊论文

Molecular targeted therapy of gynecological malignant tumors: the development and challenge, from laboratory

Pengming SUN PhD, MD , Jalid SEHOULI PhD, MD , Lihui WEI BM ,

期刊论文

High frequency of alternative splicing variants of the oncogene in neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas

期刊论文

Arsenic trioxide induced rhabdomyolysis, a rare but severe side effect, in an APL patient: a case report

null

期刊论文

Rare-earth separation based on the differences of ionic magnetic moment via quasi-liquid strategy

期刊论文

Prognostic significance of clinicopathologic parameters in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a study of

LIANG Yumei, LI Xianghong, LU Youyong, LV Yali, ZHONG Mei, PU Xiaolu, LI Wenmei

期刊论文

Potential indicators predict progress after surgical resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors

null

期刊论文